Maltese Health Guide — What Every Owner Needs to Know
June 19, 2026 · 8 min read
Maltese are long-lived, generally healthy dogs, but they have specific health concerns related to their small size and luxurious coat. Here's everything you need to keep your Maltese thriving.
Maltese are one of the longest-lived small breeds, typically living 12–15 years. Their main health challenges relate to their small size, dental health, and their beautiful white coat. With proper care, Maltese are remarkably healthy and active well into their senior years.
Most Common Maltese Health Issues
Dental disease: The most common health issue in Maltese. Their small mouths have crowded teeth that accumulate tartar rapidly. Without daily brushing and regular professional cleanings, dental disease leads to tooth loss and systemic infections by age 5.
Hypoglycemia: Puppies and very small adults are prone to low blood sugar. Feed 3-4 small meals daily.
Luxating patella: The kneecap can slip out of position. Mild cases managed with weight control; severe cases need surgery.
Tracheal collapse: Always use a harness instead of a collar to reduce pressure on the trachea.
Grooming as Health Care
The Maltese coat requires daily brushing to prevent mats. Many owners keep them in a short puppy cut for easier maintenance. Professional grooming every 6-8 weeks is recommended.
FAQ
How long do Maltese live?
Maltese typically live 12-15 years, making them one of the longer-lived small breeds.
Are Maltese prone to health problems?
Maltese are generally healthy but prone to dental disease, luxating patella, and hypoglycemia. Regular vet care and daily dental brushing prevent most serious issues.
Do Maltese need special grooming?
Yes - their long white coat requires daily brushing to prevent mats. Professional grooming every 6-8 weeks is ideal.
Why does my Maltese have tear stains?
Tear staining is caused by porphyrins in tears and is very common in Maltese. Keep the area under the eyes clean and dry.
Should I use a collar or harness on my Maltese?
Always use a harness, never a collar. Maltese are prone to tracheal collapse, and collar pressure on the neck can worsen this condition.